What+makes+a+source+valid+and+where+can+I+find+valid+sources?

Database log-in UN and PW: cps Online Catalog (use your CPS UN & PW to retrieve database articles)

Learning Outcomes:
 * evaluate sources of information using the criteria discussed
 * become familiar with ethics in the Information Age
 * describe when to cite a source
 * recognize the different parts of a citation
 * realize that you must think critically in a world of information

= How to understand a URL? = =A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a web address for a page or document on the World Wide Web. A **URL** is a web address, the string of letters and/or numbers (usually starting with http or https) that lead you to a website. The letters after the final period refer to the website's Top-Level Domain (TLD) and is called a domain suffix (examples are **.com** or **.org**). These can tell you what the website is for, or who put it together, and help you decide if a website is reliable enough to use in your research.= The most common top-level domains and the type of site they indicate. //In general//, **.gov** and **.edu** web sites are more reliable than **.com** web sites.
 * URL || What is it? || Should I use it? ||
 * **.com** || usually a website for a business or service, and its main objective is sales; many news websites are also .com sites. || .com should be //used with extreme caution// beyond basic information (contact info, mission/vision statements, etc.). Examine news websites very carefully for bias. ||
 * **.gov** || United States government agencies, state government agencies || .gov websites are generally acceptable for academic research papers, but be sure to check what if any vetting process has been imposed on given reports ||
 * **.edu** || educational institutions || //Most .edu websites are considered reliable// for research, but privately-owned pages from faculty or students might contain inaccurate information. Usually these websites have a ~ symbol somewhere in the web address. ||
 * **.org** || non-profit organizations || //Analyze .org sites carefully//. Many are biased toward a specific agenda they're pushing, and sometimes for-profit groups have a .org address. As with .com sites, basic contact information or mission/vision statements should be okay to use. ||
 * **.net** || a networked service provider ||  ||
 * **.mil** || United States military organizations || .mil websites are generally acceptable for academic research papers, but be sure to check what if any vetting process has been imposed on given reports ||

__You can make Google bring back results from specific domain suffixes by using the command site:.__
=__First type your key word, then type the word "site" followed by a colon, use the suffix with the period (for example, .edu).__ EXAMPLE: Drug site:.gov will return only those results about drug that are from .gov websites=


 * Where to Find Credible Sources? **

Where to go for information? Where to start? It might be tempting to type words into Google and use whatever comes up first. You may get lucky and get great sources, or you may get stuck with less credible sites that leave your teacher wondering where you got such information. Learning how to locate and evaluate sources is a key component to your research paper’s success. Here are tips to help you as you gather your sources:

**Start with a simple search:**

**Search engines**, such as __Google __ or __Yahoo! __ are great places to start when you ’ re first collecting ideas on the assigned writing topic.

> **Login: cps1160:cps Password: cps**
 * Get serious: **
 * **Print and digital encyclopedias**, such as World Book (print in the library), online __Encyclopedia Britannica __ and __InfoPlease.com __ and many other subject specific encyclopedias are excellent sources from which to gather material.
 * **Use online scholarly databases** **such as** **CPS library database **
 * The Lincoln library of shapers of society. Biography Encyclopedia
 * **Newspapers and magazines** are also rich sources of information about what is happening now. Consider browsing through the Chicago Tribune,The New York Times,The Wall Street Journal,TIME, Chicago Sun-Times.
 * **Westinghouse College Prep** **Library.** Often this rich source of information is overlooked because students think it ’ s more convenient to look subjects up online. **Online Card Catalog**
 * **Chicago Public Library** eCards: http://www.chipublib.org/teen-subject/biography/


 * What not to do**. Avoid aggregate content sites such as Wikipedia, **Wikihow**, Yahoo! Answers and **eHow.** They pull their content from other places but do not properly vet their authors’ credentials and therefore are not considered credible sources of information. Also Wikipedia allows multiple users to edit. Wikipedia is a great jumping-off point in terms of figuring out what to search for, but double-check all of the facts by using credible sources of information.


 * Why Evaluate? **

You will need to evaluate each resource you use for research, whether it is an online or print journal article, a website, a book, a newspaper article, or other source that you want to cite. Use the five Criteria to analyze materials and to assess how appropriate they will be for your research. Keep in mind that many publications have a particular bias or agenda, which may not be obvious at first glance.


 * Don't expect to be able to answer every question, all the time, for all information and resources you look at.
 * Rather, try to use the questions as a tool to help you look at sources critically.

= Test yourself by clicking on each link and practice your evaluating skills using the 5 criteria for evaluating web information (Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, Scope, Currency) . Answers =

1.@http://www.dhmo.org 2.http://www.cis.org 3.www.marshall.org 4.http://www.wto.org 5.http://www.thedogisland.com __ 6.[] __ __ 7.[] __ = =

=Important Elements to Remember When Search= =KEY WORD (most databases) = Also called [|catchword]in Library Science. a significant or term in the title, abstract, or text of a document or other item being indexed, used as the index entry. (Dictionary.com) For example: mythology, bible, Titans, Zeus... =**PHRASE (most databases) **= A phrase is a group of words that are related and focus on an idea; however, this group of words does not have a subject, a verb, or both. ([]) For example: Olympian Gods, Greek Mythology... = Natural Language Search (certain databases) = With the Natural Language Search option you can enter a full sentence or phrase to receive relevance-ranked results. Both a phrase "Greek Mythology" or a question: "What is Greek Mythology?" will work. Place your search terms in context instead of using a key word for the best results. ====** Boolean Operator Search ** Boolean operators - Database Search Tips ==== The Boolean Search option allows you to enter multiple key words, or combine words and phrases to precisely target your search. The Boolean operators: AND -narrow your results, OR -broaden your results, NOT or AND NOT- narrow your results by excluding words from your search. For example: mythology AND Greek, mythology OR Greek, mythology NOT Greek In Gale databases: The **GENERAL SEARCH** box searches for a word or phrase in all categories, such as countries, regions, and eras... In Gale database: The **ADVANCED SEARCH:** By using the Advanced Search features, you can narrow any search by publication date, article title, publisher, author or reading level, etc. Note that searching with too little detail can flood you with results that you don't need. On the other hand, a search that's too specific may cut out information you do need. =**Pa'rameter (used in advanced search)**= Limits or boundaries; guidelines. (Dictionary.com) For example: search limit to "image" only, or limit to "journal articles" only

= Why Cite? =

Credit to others for their work and ideas and allow readers to track down the original work if they choose. The purpose of this guide is to help you identify the basic elements of a citation for some common types of materials.

WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN

=** Citation Styles: **=

= = =**Using MLA 7th Edition Formatting and Style **=
 * **APA**: psychology, education, and other social sciences.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**MLA**: literature, arts, and humanities.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**AMA**: medicine, health, and biological sciences.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Turabian**: designed for college students to use with all subjects.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Chicago**: used with all subjects in the "real world" by books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications.

EasyBib: Free Bibliography Generator - MLA, APA, Chicago ...
 * Citation tools: **
 * **Databases with built-in citation tools**
 * **Google Drive Doc (add-on - get Add on - EasyBib),** NEW Google Docs Tool: Instant Research, Links and cite
 * Microsoft Office Word
 * How-To: Manage Citations in Word 2011